SCP SC0-502 : Security Certified Program (SCP)

You had been taking a short vacation, and when you come into work on Monday morning, Orange is already at your door, waiting to talk to you.
"We're got a problem," Orange says, "It seems that the password used by our Vice President of Engineering has been compromised. Over the weekend, we found this account had logged into the network 25 times. The Vice President was not even in the office over the weekend."
"Did we get the source of the compromise yet?"
"No, but it won't surprise me if it is our new neighbors at MassiveCorp. I need to you to come up with a realistic plan and bring it to me tomorrow afternoon. This problem must be resolved, and like everything else we do not have unlimited funds so keep that in mind."
Based on this information, choose the best solution to the password local authentication problem in the Executive building.}

• A. Since you are aware of the significance of the password problems, you plan to address the problem using technology. You write up a plan for Orange that includes the following points: 1.You will reconfigure the Testbed.globalcorp.org domain to control the password problem. 2.You will configure AD in this domain so that complex password policies are required. 3.The complex password policies will include:
  a.Password length of at least 8 characters
  b.Passwords must be alphanumeric
  c.Passwords must meet Gold Standard of complexity
  d.Passwords must be changed every 30 days
  e.Passwords cannot be reused
• B. Since you are aware of the significance of the password problems, and since you do not have unlimited funds, you plan to address this problem through education and through awareness. You write up a plan for Orange that includes the following points: 1.All end users are to be trained on the methods of making strong passwords 2.All end users are instructed that they are to change their password at a minimum of every 30 days. 3.The administrative staff is to run password-checking utilities on all passwords every 30 days. 4.All end users are to be trained on the importance of never disclosing their password to any other individual. 5.All end users are to be trained on the importance of never writing down their passwords where they are clearly visible.
• C. Since you are aware of the significance of the password problems, you plan to address the
  problem using technology. You write
  up a plan for Orange that includes the following points:
  1.For all executives you recommend no longer using passwords, and instead migrating to a token-
  based authentication system.
  2.You will install the RSA SecurID time-based token system.
  3.You will create SecurID user records for each user to match their domain accounts.
  4.You will assign each user record a unique token.
  5.You will hand deliver the tokens to the correct executive.
  6.Users will be allowed to create their own PIN, which will be 4 characters long.
  7.The tokens will replace all passwords for authentication into each user Windows system.
• D. Since you are aware of the significance of the password problems, plan to address the problem
  using technology. You write up a plan for Orange that includes the following points:
  1.For all executives you recommend no longer using passwords, and instead migrating to a
  biometric solution.
  2.You will install retinal scanners at every user desktop in the executive building.You will install
  retinal scanners at every user? desktop in the executive building.2.You will install retinal scanners
  at every user desktop in the executive building.You will install retinal scanners at every user?
  desktop in the executive building.
  3.You will personally enroll each user at each desktop.3.You will personally enroll each user at
  each desktop.
  4.You will instruct each user on the proper positioning and use of the scanner.4.You will instruct
  each user on the proper positioning and use of the scanner.
  5.The biometric system will replace all passwords for authentication into each user Windows
  system.The biometric system will replace all passwords for authentication into each user?
  Windows system.5.The biometric system will replace all passwords for authentication into each
  user Windows system.The biometric system will replace all passwords for authentication into each
  user? Windows system.
• E. Since you are aware of the significance of the password problems, you plan to address the
  problem using technology. You write up a plan for Orange that includes the following points:
  1.For all executives you recommend no longer using passwords, and instead migrating to a token-
  based authentication system.
  2.You will install the RSA SecurID challenge-response token system.
  3.You will create SecurID user records for each user to match their domain accounts.
  4.You will assign each user record a unique token.
  5.You will hand deliver the tokens to the correct executive.
  6.Users will be required to use tokencodes from the One-Time tokencode list. The tokencodes will
  be alphanumeric and will be 4 characters long.
  7.The tokens will replace all passwords for authentication into each user Windows system.

For the past month, the employees in the executive building have been getting adjusted to their new authentication systems. There was a large spike in help desk calls the first week, which has gone down daily, and now there are fewer login related calls than there was when the office used passwords alone.
During your weekly meeting with Blue, the authentication subject is discussed, "So far, the system is working well. Our call volume has dropped, and it seems that most people are getting used to the tokens. There is one issue, however."
"Really, what's that?" you ask.
"It seems that the senior executives are not that keen on carrying the new tokens around with them. They are asking for a way to authenticate without carrying anything, but still have it be secure."
"All right, do we have a budget?"
"Yes, however there are not that many senior executives, so the cost isn the primary issue; although we do want to keep the costs down as much as possible."
"So, what limitations do I have?"
"Well you need to be sure it easy to use, is unintrusive, won't require too much training, won't be all that expensive, and provides for strong authentication." Blue tells you.
Based on this information, choose the best solution to the authentication problem for the senior executives on the fourth floor.}

• A. You talk to three of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that they disliked the tokens therefore you will install a new authentication system. The people you talked to didn say they would have problems with smart cards, so you decide tonew authentication system. The people you talked to didn? say they would have problems with smart cards, so you decide to implement a smart card solution.
  You configure each machine with a smart card reader and driver. You then create a local account for each user, and make that account use smart cards. You then assign a smart card to the account and load the user credentials on the card. You then walk the executive through the process of using the smart card, and have each person test his or her system.
  With the software installed, the reader installed, and with the smart card authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
• B. You talk to several of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that many of these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that many of them have an interest in voice authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply speak to the computer and be authenticated.
  Since they like this technology, you decide this is what you will implement. You configure each machine with the Anovea software for voice authentication, and configure a microphone at each workstation. You then walk the executive through the process of enrollment, and have each person test his or her system.
  With the software installed, the microphone installed, and with the voice authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
• C. You talk to several of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that many of these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that many of them have an interest in fingerprint authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply touch something by the computer and be authenticated.
  You begin the configuration by installing a BioLink USB mouse, driver, and authentication software. You walk each person through the process of enrollment, and how to best use the scanner, and have each person test his or her system.
  With the software installed, the mouse and driver installed, and with the fingerprint authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person's system.
• D. You talk to some of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that many of these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that many of them have an interest in retinal authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply look at the computer and be authenticated.
  Since they like this technology, you decide this is what you will implement. You configure each machine with the Panasonic Authenticam and authentication software. You then walk the executive through the process of enrollment, and have each person test his or her system.
  With the software installed, the retinal scanner installed, and with the retinal authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
• E. You talk to two of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that they have an interest in retinal authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply look at the computer and be authenticated.
  Since they like this technology, you decide this is what you will implement. You configure each machine with the Panasonic Authenticam and authentication software. You then walk the executive through the process of enrollment, and have each person test his or her system.
  With the software installed, the retinal scanner installed, and with the retinal authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.

By now, you are feeling confident that the security of the MegaCorp network is getting under control. You are aware that there are still several critical areas that you must deal with, and today you are addressing one of those areas. You have been able to take care of the router, firewall, security policy, and intrusion detection, now you are concerned with some of the hosts in the network.
Since the organization is not very large, you are the only person working in the IT end of the company. It will be up to you to directly work on the systems throughout the network. You make a quick chart of the systems you know should be in the MegaCorp network:
Server0001, 10.10.20.101, Windows 2000 Server
Server0010, 10.10.20.102, Windows 2000 Server
Server0011, 10.10.20.103, Windows 2000 Server
Server0100, 10.10.20.104, Linux (Red Hat 8.0)
User systems, 10.10.100.100~10.10.100.200, Windows 2000 Professional
The addressing that you recommended months ago is in place, and it follows a distinct logical pattern, you are hoping that no new systems are hidden in the network somewhere.
In the company, you have been granted domain administrator rights, and no other user is authorized to have administrator, root, supervisor, or otherwise privileged level of access. All the Windows systems are to belong to one windows domain called SCNA.edu. Users are no longer allowed to install unauthorized applications, and are all to use the file servers for storage. Although they have the ability to do so, users are not supposed to store any work data on their local systems.
The servers are located in a server cabinet that is inside your office, so you decide to start working there. Using your knowledge of MegaCorp select the best solution for hardening the MegaCorp operating systems:}

• A. You being by running a Nessus scan from your office laptop on the systems in the network, first the servers, then the user workstations. After the scans are complete, you store the reports on your laptop, and you take your laptop to the server room.
  In the server room, you begin on the Windows servers. You implement a custom security template on each server using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In, remove any unauthorized accounts, ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and ensure that the permissions on each shared object are as per policy.
  You then work on the Linux server, by addressing each point identified in the Nessus scan. You then lock the system with Bastille, ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and run a quick Tripwire scan to create a baseline for the system.
  You take your laptop with you as you go throughout the network to each user workstation, ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and you take care of each issue you found on the machines. There are a few systems that you find with unauthorized applications and you remove those applications.
• B. You begin by running a Nessus scan on each computer in the network, using the \hotfix switch to create a full report. The report identifies every vulnerability on each system and lists the specific changes you must make to each system to fix any found vulnerabilities.
  You take the report to the server room and start with the Linux server. On the server, you run through the steps as outlined in the Nessus report, and end by locking the system using Bastille.
  Then, you move to the Windows systems, again following the steps of the Nessus report, and ending by using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In to implement the Gold Standard template on every server.
  Finally, you proceed to each user workstation. At each user machine, you follow each step for each system, based on your report. Once you have addressed all the vulnerabilities in the systems, you run a quick Secedit scan on each system to ensure that they are all locked down and that proper encryption is configured.
• C. The first thing you do is to run a Nessus scan against all the servers in the room, noting the findings of the scans. You then begin on the servers by running some tests on the Linux server. First, you run Tripwire on the entire system to ensure that there are no rogue Root accounts, and the test is positive. Second, you ensure that there are no unauthorized objects available through the network, and third you lock the system down with Bastille.
  You then work on the Windows servers. You run a check to ensure there are no unauthorized administrator accounts, and there are not. You create a custom security template and implement the template on each server using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In, and you ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches.
  Finally, you analyze the user desktops. You go one by one through the network checking for added user accounts, and you find some. You remove these unauthorized accounts and check for software and applications. Again, you find some applications that are not allowed and you remove them. You check the systems for hardware changes, and address the issues that you find.
• D. You start the job by running some analysis on the Windows servers. You do this using the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In, and you ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches. You find several user accounts that have been given local administrator access, and you remove these accounts. You next use the Secedit tool to implement local encryption on the shared hard drive to secure the local files for the network users.
  You then work on the Linux server. To your surprise there are no unauthorized root accounts, nor any unauthorized shares. You ensure that the permissions are correct on the shared objects, and run Bastille to lock down the server.
  You then work on the client machines. Before you physically sit at each machine, you run a Nessus scan from your office. Bringing the results with you, you go to each machine and address any issues as identified in the Nessus scan, remove any unauthorized applications
• E. The first thing you decide to do is plug your laptop into the server room, and run a full Nessus scan on the entire network, specifically looking for every backdoor vulnerability that the application can check. This takes some time to compile, but you eventually end up with a list of issues to address on each machine.
  You move on to the Linux server, and run a fast Tripwire check on the system to look for any additional vulnerabilities. Once that check is done, you install SSH so that all access by every user will be encrypted to the server, and you run Bastille to lock down the system.
  At the Windows systems, you address any issues found during the Nessus scan, you ensure that each system is updated with the latest patches, and you ensure that the systems are all functioning as fully secure and functional file servers to the network by implementing the HISECWEB.INF template in the Security Configuration and Analysis Snap-In.
  Finally, you work on each desktop machine by removing any vulnerabilities listed in the scan report. You remove a few pieces of unauthorized hardware and many unauthorized applications.

You are well along your way to getting the MegaCorp security up to what you consider an acceptable level. You feel the security is now solid enough that you can go ahead and some new tests and perform analysis on the network.
You plug in your laptop and fire up Snort to see the traffic coming into the network. You plug in on the outside of the router, to see the unfiltered traffic that the network must deal with. In full promiscuous mode, you collect data for an hour, to filter through it later. Since you captured quite a bit of data, you filter out a few specific lines to analyze.
10\27-23:48:42.126886 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:7F:C:9B type:0x800 len:0x3C
10.0.10.237 -> 10.0.10.234 ICMP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:1185 IpLen:20 DgmLen:36
Type:8 Code:0 ID:3 Seq:289 ECHO =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\27-23:48:42.137906 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C
10.0.10.237 -> 10.0.10.235 ICMP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:1186 IpLen:20 DgmLen:36 Type:8 Code:0 ID:3 Seq:290 ECHO =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\27-23:48:42.148642 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB type:0x800 len:0x3C
10.0.10.237 -> 10.0.10.236 ICMP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:1187 IpLen:20 DgmLen:36 Type:8 Code:0 ID:3 Seq:291 ECHO =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\27-23:48:42.167031 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:68:87:2C type:0x800 len:0x3C
10.0.10.237 -> 10.0.10.238 ICMP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:1190 IpLen:20 DgmLen:36
Type:8 Code:0 ID:3 Seq:292 ECHO =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\27-23:48:42.177247 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:69:48:E3 type:0x800 len:0x3C
10.0.10.237 -> 10.0.10.239 ICMP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:1191 IpLen:20 DgmLen:36 Type:8 Code:0 ID:3 Seq:293 ECHO
=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.387953 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:1 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:24652 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******** Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.320917 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:2 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:52330 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******** Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.377933 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:3 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:10807 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******** Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.328200 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:4 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:40192 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******* Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.363859 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:5 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:20497 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******** Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.391163 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:6 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:30756 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******** Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-19:09:07.300794 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3C 10.0.10.236:57228 -> 10.0.10.235:7 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x0 ID:3946 IpLen:20 DgmLen:40 ******** Seq: 0x0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x400 TcpLen: 20 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:52:16.979681 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:7F:C:9B type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1674 -> 10.0.10.234:31337 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:5277 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x3F2FE2CC Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:52:16.999652 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1675 -> 10.0.10.235:31337 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:5278 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x3F30DB1F Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:52:17.019680 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1676 -> 10.0.10.236:31337 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:5279 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x3F3183AE Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:52:17.059669 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:68:87:2C type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1678 -> 10.0.10.238:31337 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:5282 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x3F332EC2 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:52:17.079821 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:69:48:E3 type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1679 -> 10.0.10.239:31337 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:5283 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x3F3436FA Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:45:18.733562 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:7F:C:9B type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1646 -> 10.0.10.234:12345 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:4974 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x38E326F7 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:45:18.753691 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:2:B3:2D:1:4A type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1647 -> 10.0.10.235:12345 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:4975 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x38E3D2D0 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:45:18.773781 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:7E:F9:DB type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1648 -> 10.0.10.236:12345 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:4976 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x38E4CF5C Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:45:18.813837 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:68:87:2C type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1650 -> 10.0.10.238:12345 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:4979 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x38E692B6 Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 10\28-01:45:18.833772 0:D0:9:7E:E5:E9 -> 0:D0:9:69:48:E3 type:0x800 len:0x3E 10.0.10.237:1651 -> 10.0.10.239:12345 TCP TTL:128 TOS:0x0 ID:4980 IpLen:20 DgmLen:48 ******S* Seq: 0x38E7211C Ack: 0x0 Win: 0x4000 TcpLen: 28 TCP Options (4) => MSS: 1460 NOP NOP SackOK =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
Looking at the types of traffic that are hitting your network, what types of attacks are you dealing with, and what is the best solution for mitigating those attacks?}

• A. There is a clear pattern of attack, starting with general reconnaissance to see which systems are up and running to respond to attack inquiries. Next, the attacks show port scans, looking specifically for open ports on a unique host, and then moving to searching out NetBus and SubSeven servers.
  To mitigate these attacks, you do not recommend any new technology. You feel that your firewall, IDS, and routers will properly address these types of attacks.
• B. There is a clear pattern of attack, starting with the attacker looking for hosts that will respond to the ID:3 vulnerability. Once identified, the attacker runs a second set of scans, looking for hosts that are vulnerable to a TOS:0x0 attack, and finally running a scan to check for hosts that are vulnerable to the MSS: 1460 NOP attack.
  To mitigate these attacks, you recommend implementing a new firewall on the outside of the router, designed with rules to specifically stop these attacks, allowing the rest of the traffic through to your router and the rest of your perimeter defense.
• C. There is a clear attack pattern, where the attacker first is checking to see which hosts will reply to sequential packets, followed by vulnerability checking for the IPLen:20 server vulnerability.
  To mitigate these attacks, you recommend reconfiguring the access control lists on the routers, specifically to address the IPLen:20 attack, and to address the sequential packet attack. You recommend that with the router configuration change, the threats will be properly addressed.
• D. There is a clear attack pattern, where the attacker is looking for packets that are formed with a TTL of 128, followed by a TTL of 44. Finally, the attacker is looking to exploit the NOP SackOK vulnerability.
  To mitigate these attacks, you recommend implementing a new firewall on the outside of the router, designed with rules to specifically stop these attacks, allowing the rest of the traffic through to your router and the rest of your perimeter defense.
• E. Looking at the traffic, you are unable to identify any pattern of attack. You see normal legitimate traffic, the type of which you see every day. The traffic that you have captured provides you no clues as to the current attacks against your network, and as such you make no recommendations to mitigate.