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NEW QUESTION # 107
Which NIST SP defines the Assessment Procedure leveraged by the CMMC?
- A. NIST SP 800-171
- B. NIST SP 800-53
- C. NISTSP800-53a
- D. NISTSP800-171a
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 108
CMMC scoping covers the CUI environment encompassing the systems, applications, and services that focus on where CUI is:
- A. entered, edited, manipulated, printed, and viewed.
- B. located on electronic media, on system component memory, and on paper.
- C. stored, processed, and transmitted.
- D. received and transferred.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 109
Which assessment method compares actual-specified conditions with expected behavior?
- A. Test
- B. Examine
- C. Interview
- D. Compile
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding CMMC Assessment Methods
TheCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) 2.0follows theNIST SP 800-171A assessment methodology, which includesthree primary assessment methods:
Examine- Reviewing policies, procedures, system configurations, and documentation.
Interview- Engaging with personnel to validate their understanding and execution of security practices.
Test- Conducting actual technical or operational tests to determine whether security controls function as expected.
Why "Test" is the Correct Answer?
"Test" is the method that compares actual-specified conditions with expected behavior.
It involvesexecuting procedures, configurations, or automated toolsto see if thesystem behaves as required.
For example, if a policy states that multi-factor authentication (MFA) must be enforced, a test would involveattempting to log in without MFAto confirm whether access is blocked as expected.
TheNIST SP 800-171A Guide (Assessment Procedures for CUI)defines testing as an assessment method that:
Actively verifies a security control is functioning
Simulates real-world attack scenarios
Checks compliance through system actions rather than documentation
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect?
B). Examine (Incorrect)
Examining only involvesreviewing policies, procedures, or configurationsbut does not actively test system behavior.
C). Compile (Incorrect)
"Compile" is not an assessment method in CMMC 2.0 or NIST SP 800-171A.
D). Interview (Incorrect)
Interviews are used to gather insights from personnel, but they do not compare actual conditions with expected behavior.
Conclusion
The correct answer isA. Testbecause itactively verifies system performance against expected security conditions.
References:
NIST SP 800-171A, "Assessing Security Requirements for CUI"
CMMC 2.0 Assessment Process (CAP) Guide
DoD CMMC Scoping and Assessment Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 110
The Lead Assessor is presenting the Final Findings Presentation to the OSC. During the presentation, the Assessment Sponsor and OSC staff inform the assessor that they do not agree with the assessment results.
Who has the final authority for the assessment results?
- A. CMMC-AB
- B. C3PAO
- C. Assessment Team
- D. Assessment Sponsor
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 111
An OSC has submitted evidence for an upcoming assessment. The assessor reviews the evidence and determines it is not adequate or sufficient to meet the CMMC practice. What can the assessor do?
- A. Notify the CMMC-AB.
- B. Contact the C3PAO for guidance.
- C. Cancel the assessment.
- D. Postpone the assessment.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 112
An Assessment Team is conducting a Level 2 Assessment at the request of an OSC. The team has begun to score practices based on the evidence provided. At a MINIMUM what is required of the Assessment Team to determine if a practice is scored as MET?
- A. All three types of evidence are documented for every control.
- B. Complete one of the following; examine two artifacts, either observe a satisfactory demonstration of one control or receive one affirmation from the OSC personnel.
- C. Examine and accept evidence from one of the three evidence types.
- D. Complete two of the following: examine one artifact, either observe a satisfactory demonstration of one control or receive one affirmation from the OSC personnel.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 113
During a CMMC readiness review, the OSC proposes that an associated enclave should not be applicable in the scope. Who is responsible for verifying this request?
- A. CCP
- B. Advisory Board
- C. C3PAO
- D. Lead Assessor
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 114
Contractor scoping requirements for a CMMC Level 2 Assessment to document the asset in an inventory, in the SSP and on the network diagram apply to:
- A. CUI and Security Protection Asset categories.
- B. GUI Assets.
- C. all asset categories except for the Out-of-scope Assets.
- D. Contractor Risk Managed Assets and Specialized Assets.
Answer: A
Explanation:
UnderCMMC Level 2, contractors are required toidentify, document, and categorize assetsinvolved in handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI). This is part of thescoping process, which ensures that all security-relevant assets are properly protected and accounted for in the System Security Plan (SSP), asset inventory, and network diagram.
CMMC Scoping Requirements for Level 2 Assessments:
TheCMMC Scoping Guide(CMMC v2.0) identifies four asset categories:
CUI Assets:Systems that store, process, or transmit CUI.
Security Protection Assets (SPA):Systems providing security functions for CUI Assets (e.g., firewalls, SIEMs).
Contractor Risk Managed Assets (CRMA):Assets that interact with CUI but arenot directly controlledby the organization (e.g., personal devices).
Specialized Assets:These include IoT devices, OT systems, and Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) thatmay require specific security controls.
Where Documentation is Required:
The contractor mustdocument all assets (except out-of-scope assets)in:
The System Security Plan (SSP):A key document detailing security controls and asset categorization.
An asset inventory:Lists all in-scope assets (CUI Assets, SPAs, CRMA, and Specialized Assets).
The network diagram:Provides a visual representation of system connectivity and security boundaries.
Why Out-of-Scope Assets Are Excluded:
TheCMMC Scoping Guidespecifically states that Out-of-Scope Assets arenot required to be documentedin these compliance artifacts because they haveno direct or indirect interaction with CUI.
These assets do not require CMMC controls because they are completely isolated from CUI handling environments.
Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
(A) GUI Assets:There is no specific "GUI Asset" category in CMMC scoping.
(B) CUI and Security Protection Asset categories:While these are included, this answerexcludesContractor Risk Managed and Specialized Assets, which are also required.
(D) Contractor Risk Managed Assets and Specialized Assets:These assetsare included in scopingbut this answer excludes CUI Assets and Security Protection Assets, making it incomplete.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:According to theCMMC Assessment Scope Level 2 Guide, allin-scope assetsmust be documented in the SSP, inventory, and network diagram.The only assets excluded are Out-of-Scope Assets.
Thus, the correct answer is:
C). All asset categories except for the Out-of-Scope Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which method facilitates understanding by analyzing gathered artifacts as evidence?
- A. Behavior
- B. Test
- C. Interview
- D. Examine
Answer: D
Explanation:
The CMMC Assessment Process uses three methods: Examine, Interview, and Test. The method that involves analyzing artifacts (documents, system configurations, records, logs, etc.) is Examine.
Supporting Extracts from Official Content:
* CMMC Assessment Guide: "Examine consists of reviewing, inspecting, or analyzing assessment objects such as documents, system configurations, or other artifacts to evaluate compliance." Why Option B is Correct:
* Examine = analyzing artifacts.
* Interview = discussions with personnel.
* Test = executing technical checks.
* Behavior is not an assessment method.
References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):
* CMMC Assessment Guide, Levels 1 and 2 - Assessment Methods (Examine, Interview, Test).
NEW QUESTION # 116
Per DoDI 5200.48: Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI), CUI is marked by whom?
- A. DoD OUSD
- B. Information Disclosure Official
- C. Authorized holder
- D. Presidential authorized Original Classification Authority
Answer: C
Explanation:
Who is Responsible for Marking CUI?According toDoDI 5200.48 (Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)), the responsibility for marking CUI falls on theauthorized holder of the information.
* Definition of an Authorized Holder
* PerDoDI 5200.48, Section 3.4, anauthorized holderis anyone who has beengranted accessto CUI and is responsible for handling, safeguarding, and marking it according toDoD CUI policy.
* The authorized holder may be:
* ADoD employee
* Acontractorhandling CUI
* Anyorganization or individual authorizedto access and manage CUI
* DoD Guidance on CUI Marking Responsibilities
* DoDI 5200.48, Section 4.2:
* The individual creating or handling CUImust apply the appropriate markings as per the DoD CUI Registry guidelines.
* DoDI 5200.48, Section 5.2:
* Themarking responsibility is NOT limited to a specific positionlike an Information Disclosure Official or a high-level DoD office.
* Instead, it is theresponsibility of the person or entity generating, handling, or disseminatingthe CUI.
* Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
* (A) DoD OUSD (Office of the Under Secretary of Defense):
* The OUSD plays apolicy-setting rolebut doesnot directly mark CUI.
* (C) Information Disclosure Official:
* This role is responsible forpublic release of information, but marking CUI is the duty of theauthorized holdermanaging the data.
* (D) Presidential authorized Original Classification Authority (OCA):
* OCAs classifynational security information (Confidential, Secret, Top Secret), not CUI, which isnot classified information.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:Final Validation from DoDI 5200.48:PerDoDI 5200.48, authorized holders are explicitly responsible for marking CUI, making this the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 117
What is a PRIMARY activity that is performed while conducting an assessment?
- A. Verify readiness to conduct assessment.
- B. Collect and examine evidence.
- C. Deliver recommended assessment results.
- D. Develop assessment plan.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Step 1: Understand the Assessment Phases (CAP v1.0)TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)outlines a structured lifecycle for assessments, including:
* Plan and Prepare Phase- Develop the assessment plan (before the assessment starts).
* Conduct Assessment Phase- Execute the actual assessment activities.
* Report Results Phase- Finalize and deliver the assessment outcomes.
CAP v1.0 - Section 3.5 (Conduct Assessment):
"The assessment team collects, examines, and evaluates evidence to determine if practices are MET or NOT MET."
* During the"Conduct Assessment" phase, the main activity is to:
* Collect evidence(documentation, interviews, testing),
* Validate adequacy and sufficiency,
* Score practicesas MET/NOT MET.
#Step 2: Why "Collect and Examine Evidence" Is the Primary ActivityThis is thecore responsibilityof assessorswhile conductingan assessment.
* A. Develop assessment plan# This occurs in thePlan and Preparephasebeforeconducting the assessment.
* C. Verify readiness to conduct assessment# Readiness verification is part ofpre-assessment activities, not during the assessment itself.
* D. Deliver recommended assessment results# This is done during theReport Resultsphase after the assessment has been conducted.
#Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Theprimary activity performed during the actual executionof a CMMC assessment iscollecting and examining evidenceto determine compliance with practices.
NEW QUESTION # 118
During Phase 4 of the Assessment process, what MUST the Lead Assessor determine and recommend to the C3PAO concerning the OSC?
- A. Capability
- B. Eligibility
- C. Suitability
- D. Ability
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 119
Per DoDI 5200.48: Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI), CUI is marked by whom?
- A. DoD OUSD
- B. Information Disclosure Official
- C. Authorized holder
- D. Presidential authorized Original Classification Authority
Answer: C
Explanation:
Who is Responsible for Marking CUI?According toDoDI 5200.48 (Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)), the responsibility for marking CUI falls on theauthorized holder of the information.
* Definition of an Authorized Holder
* PerDoDI 5200.48, Section 3.4, anauthorized holderis anyone who has beengranted accessto CUI and is responsible for handling, safeguarding, and marking it according toDoD CUI policy.
* The authorized holder may be:
* ADoD employee
* Acontractorhandling CUI
* Anyorganization or individual authorizedto access and manage CUI
* DoD Guidance on CUI Marking Responsibilities
* DoDI 5200.48, Section 4.2:
* The individual creating or handling CUImust apply the appropriate markings as per the DoD CUI Registry guidelines.
* DoDI 5200.48, Section 5.2:
* Themarking responsibility is NOT limited to a specific positionlike an Information Disclosure Official or a high-level DoD office.
* Instead, it is theresponsibility of the person or entity generating, handling, or disseminatingthe CUI.
* Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
* (A) DoD OUSD (Office of the Under Secretary of Defense):
* The OUSD plays apolicy-setting rolebut doesnot directly mark CUI.
* (C) Information Disclosure Official:
* This role is responsible forpublic release of information, but marking CUI is the duty of theauthorized holdermanaging the data.
* (D) Presidential authorized Original Classification Authority (OCA):
* OCAs classifynational security information (Confidential, Secret, Top Secret), not CUI, which isnot classified information.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:Final Validation from DoDI 5200.48:PerDoDI 5200.48, authorized holders are explicitly responsible for marking CUI, making this the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which MINIMUM Level of certification must a contractor successfully achieve to receive a contract award requiring the handling of CUI?
- A. Level 3
- B. Level 2
- C. Any level
- D. Level 1
Answer: B
Explanation:
1. Understanding CMMC 2.0 Levels and CUI Handling Requirements
UnderCMMC 2.0, contractors handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)must meet aminimumcertification level to be eligible for contract awards involving CUI.
CMMC 2.0 Levels:
Level 1 (Foundational) - 17 Practices
Covers onlyFederal Contract Information (FCI)security.
Does NOT meet CUI handling requirements.
Level 2 (Advanced) - 110 Practices#
REQUIRED for handling CUI.
Aligns withNIST SP 800-171, which establishes security controls for protecting CUI.
Contractorsmust achieve Level 2for contracts requiring CUI protection.
Level 3 (Expert) - 110+ Practices
Required for contracts involvinghigh-value CUIandcritical national security information.
Includesadditionalprotections fromNIST SP 800-172.
2. Official CMMC 2.0 References Confirming Level 2 for CUI
TheCMMC 2.0 Model Overviewclearly states that Level 2 is required for contractorshandling CUI.
DFARS 252.204-7012mandates that contractors protecting CUI must implementNIST SP 800-171, which is thefoundation of CMMC Level 2.
TheDoD's CMMC Assessment Guidefor Level 2 specifies thatorganizations handling CUI must demonstrate full implementation of 110 practices from NIST SP 800-171to qualify for contract awards.
3. Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
A). Level 1#
Only covers FCI, not CUI.
Does notmeet DoD requirements for protectingCUI.
C). Level 3#
While Level 3 offersadditional protectionsfor high-risk CUI, it isnot the minimumrequirement.
Level 2 is the minimumneeded to handle CUI.
D). Any level#
OnlyLevel 2 and higherare eligible for contracts requiring CUI protection.
Level 1 doesnotmeet CUI security standards.
NEW QUESTION # 121
A Lead Assessor is presenting an assessment kickoff and opening briefing. What topic MUST be included?
- A. Gathering evidence
- B. Examination of the artifacts for sufficiency
- C. Review of the OSC's SSP
- D. Overview of the assessment process
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 122
Which term describes the process of granting or denying specific requests to obtain and use information, related information processing services, and enter specific physical facilities?
- A. Access control
- B. Mandatory access control
- C. Physical access control
- D. Discretionary access control
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 123
Which statement BEST describes a LTP?
- A. Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB
- B. Creates DoD-licensed training
- C. May market itself as a CMMC-AB Licensed Provider for testing
- D. Delivers training using some CMMC body of knowledge objectives
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding Licensed Training Providers (LTPs) in CMMCALicensed Training Provider (LTP)is an entity that is authorized by theCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB) todeliver CMMC trainingbased on anapproved curriculum.
Provides CMMC-AB-approved training programsfor individuals seeking CMMC certifications.
Uses an official CMMC curriculumthat aligns with theCMMC Body of Knowledge (BoK)and other CMMC- AB guidance.
Prepares students for CMMC roles, such asCertified CMMC Assessors (CCA) and Certified CMMC Professionals (CCP).
Key Responsibilities of an LTP:
A). Creates DoD-licensed training # Incorrect
TheCMMC-AB, not the DoD, manages LTP licensing. LTPsdo not create new training contentbut mustfollow an approved curriculum.
B). Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB # Correct
LTPsteacha curriculum that has beenapproved by the CMMC-AB, ensuring consistency in CMMC training.
C). May market itself as a CMMC-AB Licensed Provider for testing # Incorrect LTPs provide training, not testing. Testing is handled byLicensed Partner Publishers (LPPs)and exam bodies.
D). Delivers training using some CMMC body of knowledge objectives # Incorrect LTPs mustfully adhereto theCMMC-AB-approved curriculum, not just "some" objectives.
Why is the Correct Answer "Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB" (B)?
CMMC-AB Licensed Training Provider (LTP) Program Guidelines
Defines LTPs as entities thatdeliver CMMC-AB-approved training programs.
CMMC Body of Knowledge (BoK)
Specifies that training must follow theCMMC-AB-approved curriculumto ensure standardization.
CMMC-AB Training & Certification Framework
Requires LTPs todeliver structured training that meets CMMC-AB guidelines.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer
Final Answer #B. Instructs a curriculum approved by CMMC-AB
NEW QUESTION # 124
A C3PAO is conducting High Level Scoping for an OSC that requested an assessment Which term describes the people, processes, and technology that will be applied to the contract who are requesting a CMMC Level assessment?
- A. Supporting Organization/Units
- B. Coordinating Unit
- C. Branch Office
- D. Host Unit
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding High-Level Scoping in a CMMC AssessmentDuringHigh-Level Scoping, aCertified Third- Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)determines thepeople, processes, and technologythat are within scope for theCMMC Level 1 or Level 2 assessment.
* Supporting Organization/Unitsrefer to thespecific groups, departments, or teamsthat handleControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)orFederal Contract Information (FCI)and are responsible for applyingCMMC security practices.
* These units aredirectly involved in the contract's executionand are included in the CMMC assessment scope.
Key Term: Supporting Organization/Units
* A. Host Unit # Incorrect
* This term is not used inCMMC assessment scoping.
* B. Branch Office # Incorrect
* Abranch officemay or may not be in scope; scoping is based onwhether the unit handles CUI or FCI, not its physical location.
* C. Coordinating Unit # Incorrect
* No official CMMC term refers to a "Coordinating Unit."
* D. Supporting Organization/Units # Correct
* This termcorrectly describes the entities that apply security controls for the contract and are within the CMMC assessment scope.
Why is the Correct Answer "D. Supporting Organization/Units"?
* CMMC Scoping Guidance for Level 1 & Level 2 Assessments
* DefinesSupporting Organization/Unitsasin-scope entities responsible for implementing cybersecurity controls.
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
* Specifies that theC3PAO must identify and document the units responsible for security compliance.
* DoD CMMC 2.0 Guidance on Scoping
* Requires theassessment team to define the people, processes, and technology that fall within the scopeof the assessment.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This answer:
NEW QUESTION # 125
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